Implementation of vaccination program of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is universal in infants in the mid-1980s has resulted in a significant decline in the incidence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among children and adolescents in Taiwan. That's according to a report published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute online edition of 16 September 2009.
Hepatitis B is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma - a type of primary liver cancer - especially in endemic areas of chronic HBV infection, as occurred in many parts of Asia.
Mei-Hwei Chang and colleagues from Taiwan hepatomas Study Group to investigate whether prevention of HCC after the launch of the program is a universal HBV vaccine to newborns in Taiwan in July 1984 has passed through childhood, and to determine predictors of HCC in the cohort of vaccinated infants when the new born.
The researchers used two national HCC list to collect data from 1958 patients aged six to 29 years old when they were diagnosed with liver cancer between 1983 and 2004. Researchers analyzed HCC incidence according to age and gender of the newborn cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated using Poisson regression models.
In addition, medical records of 64 patients who developed HCC while 5,524,435 had been vaccinated and those without HCC who were born after the universal program began, compared to the characteristics of hepatitis B immunization in infants and status of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B antigen "e" (HBeAg) in the mother before birth.
Friday, November 6, 2009
Hepatitis B Vaccination Reduces Liver Cancer in Children and Teenagers telusuri
Monday, October 19, 2009
laughter therapy young living
We got home from work, the skins must tighten our face. Understandably routine office with all targets to be achieved is the "pressure" for our skin.
Because when we are stressed, all blood vessels including those under the skin will also be interested. That's why every time we leave the office, Take the time to skin feel the relaxation.
Ardath Rodale, author of Everyday Miracles, says relaxation using the music will be a "blanket" that makes us comfortable throughout the body. When the body is found comfort, we will issue a bending energy throughout the body. At this stage, Rodale added, all body systems running optimally. So not only expelled the stress away, but the forehead muscles that we have to wince throughout the day, too relaxed.
Even with laughter therapy is frequently done, the blood vessels in the face come to feel relaxed and able to carry oxygen in full. And when it happens, we have made the skin cells regenerate perfectly, which means wrinkles will think many times to stop in our faces.
From now on, complete with beauty treatments we listen to music after a 10-20 minute set foot house. Let the music play and listen to anti-aging. Make music as a best friend to banish aging.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Air pollution causes appendicitis referred
Current air pollution is associated with respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the researchers say that the dirty air you breathe can also cause appendicitis. This new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal October 5, 2009 found that cases of appendicitis increases when the quality of dirtier air.
Dr. G. Gilaad Kaplan, senior author of the study and assistant professor of medicine division gastroenterologist at the University of Calgary in Alberta says that it makes us think about the causes of appendicitis which may be associated with air pollution. Air pollution is a risk factor that can be modified. If this finding is confirmed and we are able to enact unddang to mengendalian better air pollution, cleaner air, then we can probably prevent more cases of appendicitis. Other experts warn that at this early point in this study, the effect is not so clear.
Dr F. Paul Buckley III, assistant professor of surgery at Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine and a surgeon at Scott & White Healthcare Round Rock, Texas said that this provocative, but there's a big difference between linking a number of factors with the disease and prove that These factors may cause the disease, and this study failed to show cause and effect. Buckey doubt pollution reduction will reduce the incidence of appendicitis. No one really knows why appendicitis or inflammation of the appendix and the infection occurs.
Appendicitis cases rose significantly in the late 19th century and early 20th century, when industrialization in control. Case dropped in the middle and later part of last century, when the law enforced clean air. Meanwhile, according to study authors, the countries that recently experienced an increase in the level of industrialization conditions.
A prevailing theory is that the appendix occurs when the opening to the appendix, an organ such as a bag attached to the large intestine, was blocked. Specifically, some experts believe that fiber intake is lower among citizens of industrialized countries resulted in obstruction of the appendix by feces.
But that does not explain the incidence of appendicitis decreased in the second half of the 20th century, says Kaplan. Air pollution is linked to various health conditions, especially respiratory disease and heart disease, including heart attack and stroke.
Kaplan and his colleagues studied more than 5000 adults treated in hospital in Calgary with appendicitis between 1 April 1999 until the end of 2006. This data is cross referenced with the analysis of air pollutants in the week before hospitalization.
Kaplan said that they found individuals are more likely to come with appendicitis in the week with higher concentrations of air pollution, particularly ozone and nitrogen dioxide.
More cases of appendicitis occur during the warmest months in Canada (April to September, when people are more likely outside the home), and men seemed more affected by air pollution than women. It is not clear why there is this gender difference, the researchers said.
Kaplan theorized that inflammation may explain the link, if proven to exist, between air quality and appendicitis. "This is still speculative, but air pollution may trigger inflammatory appendicitis," he said. "We have a few more steps before we can make that statement. We need to confirm and repeat these findings." Kaplan and co-author of the study planned in various cities in Canada.
Last year, Forbes magazine rated as Calgary the cleanest city of the world and Baku, Azerbaijan, as the dirtiest.
Monday, October 12, 2009
Prevent Osteoporosis with Exercise
While some activities are tested in relation to their ability to stimulate the growth of strong bones, runs scored results three times higher compared with walking and other exercises. Meanwhile, up the stairs and exercises with an exercise bike, almost no impact on anything.
But that does not mean we should leave the gym to walk and chose to run with reason to worry we will weaken bones, says Charles Milgrom, MD, associate professor of orthopedics from the Hebrew University Medical School in Jerusalem. "Insert ran for 60 seconds in the middle of our walk program, is sufficient to signal the bones to increase bone mass, added Charles.
We do need to "forge" our bones harder, suggested Robert Marcus, MD, director of the aging study unit at Stanford University Medical School. So, if we do not move your body start to step on our feet for walking. As we've become accustomed to running, insert the program also ran 60 seconds. If still seems difficult, begin by running for 10 seconds first, which then continued with the improvement bit by bit. With this strategy, we can feel the bone response better, Dr.Marcus added.
Hate running? We can choose other training alternatives, such as jumping, slapping his hand into the air, tennis, tai chi or aerobics that has a greater impact and provide variety in our regular program. The exercises were also able to make muscles stronger and maintain a better balance, so that we can prevent injury and reduce the risk of bone fractures.
Or want to try suggestions from Dr.Milgrom? Enough to vary our walking program with zig-zag method, or walk forward and suddenly step backwards feet. Because of these sudden changes that can help our bones become stronger. And to make our practice to get perfect results, always accompanied the exercise by consuming foods that have a high calcium content as hormone replacement therapy at menopause.
Saturday, October 10, 2009
TB Vaccine Enters Clinical Trial Phase
For the first time in 80 years, the vaccine tuberculosis (TB) has entered a new phase of clinical trials on its efficacy. Although the developers are optimistic about the result, the lung and TB experts warned that not too happy first.
TB vaccine, which was tested in Worcester, a distance of about one hour drive from Cape Town, developed by the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), supported by the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation (AERAS), an organization dedicated to HIV research / TB.
News about the trials of new TB vaccine announced in the International Conference on AIDS Society (IAS) to-5 on Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Cape Town, July 2009.
Clinical trials, when the drug would be tested in humans, consists of three stages or phases. Phase-I aim to see whether the drug is safe use in humans, and involve small groups of 20-50 volunteers.
Phase-II, which aims to see whether the drug works well, involving hundreds of volunteers, and is often divided into two subtahap. While Phase-IIa assess how well the drug works, Phase-IIb centered on measures to be given to patients so that drugs worked well.
Test the third and final phase is the assessment of the potential of certain new drugs. Phase III involves a number of volunteers more, sometimes up to thousands of people, which is divided into two groups: one group received the drug, another group given a placebo. Requires up to 20 years before the new drug would get a green light.
Successful drug through Phase-II study did not necessarily continue. In 2007, tests on the Phase-III microbicide gel aimed at preventing HIV infection in women was stopped after scientists found that more participants were infected with the gel users than the placebo group.
Development of TB vaccines will start eight years ago, and will be tested on more than 2,700 children during the next few years. "If everything goes according to plan, the vaccine will be available in 2016," said Jerry Sadoff, President and CEO AERAS.
One of the concerns raised by the community during the conference, is whether people in developing countries - the most burdened by tuberculosis - able to buy the vaccine. "The price of new vaccines will not change, and will reach approximately U.S. $ 8-10 cents per dose," Sadoff said. "The price is comparable to the price of the vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) today."
The reason behind the development of new TB vaccine for the current BCG vaccine is used, developed in the 1920s, proved to be ineffective to protect adults against TB bacteria. "BCG vaccine is to protect children against the development of severe active TB, but only until the age of 15 years. After that, people no longer protected, "said Harries. "The BCG is that we can not give a second dose after the first dose protection was gone."
In Africa, especially in adults and teenagers who develop TB, often due to HIV infection. People with HIV, because their immune systems are weakened, more vulnerable to TB. "It is estimated that people with HIV and are likely to develop TB 10% per year," Harries said. "People who are HIV-negative, and are likely to develop TB 10% for the rest of his life."
Based on the report Global TB Report 2009 by WHO, in 2007 there are 9.27 million new TB infections, and 1.7 million people worldwide - 456,000 of whom were also infected with HIV, died from TB.
In South Africa, one of the countries with the highest TB burden, from 461,000 cases recorded in 2007, 336,000 occurred among people with HIV. Among the 112,000 people who died from TB, 94,000 were HIV-positive.
Despite the magnitude of the problem of TB in Africa and other developing countries, scientists are just beginning to find a vaccine in about 8-9 years ago. "Once found, BCG proved effective in Europe, and the prevalence decreases rapidly," says Sadoff. "Therefore, people in Western countries think TB was defeated, so as not to create a new vaccine - even though in fact TB is vicious attack in the developing world, particularly among people with HIV," he added.
MDR-TB resistant to two of the best TB drugs, and XDR-TB resistant to most first-line drugs and second. In 90% cases of XDR-TB can be deadly. Both types of TB drug resistance may occur if non-compliant TB patients on first-line drugs, which must be used up to six months.
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
Needles are not sterile can be deadly
Syringe injection and still not used directly in the health centers in Africa, endangering millions of patients at risk for infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. It was warned by health experts on the Africa Health Conference in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya.
"A shot has been misused by doctors and even shamans, who use it to make money from patients, especially in poor countries where people regard as a symbol syringe healing. In these injections worshipers there is a need to implement regulations to ensure safety, "said Susan Agunda, Vice Chairman of the Nurse in the Ministry of Health Kenya.
According to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), in developing countries alone, 16 billion injections are given every year, 90% for medicinal purposes; 50% are unsafe injections. Alarming, about half of used syringes reused in Africa. Agunda recommended that health workers are well trained on handling safety syringes and other injection equipment. "It's not enough just to provide a syringe and not to train health workers on how to use and disposal," he said. "Most health workers still have not closed the back of used syringes, which is very dangerous and can cause some unintentional injury, so that health workers at risk of contracting infections, including HIV."
The conference participants called on African governments to implement national guidelines on the use of needles. Lack of staff was also considered as possible causes of unsafe injections in poor countries.
WHO estimates that approximately 5% of new HIV infections may be due to the use of needles used, and that 58% of health workers to report injuries from needles, so that they accidentally punctured or scratched by an infected needle.
A study of injection safety in Kenya by Nairobi University found that 61% of nurses in health centers surveyed reported needle injury within three months.
Used syringes used by diabetics to inject insulin found in the street and used by injecting drug users, the main drivers of new HIV infections. Agunda reminded that the shamans in rural areas and in urban slums threatening people through the disposal and use of needles used. "In an attempt to reduce their costs may choose to use a syringe and used to infect a large number of people on the circuit, and that is reason enough the need for surveillance of African governments to cope."
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
Risk factors Deafness In Babies
According to the Joint Am Comintte of infant Hearing Statement (1994) incidents occurred due to the emergence of deafness among others by:
• There is a family history of deafness
• There Torchs infections (Toxoplasma Rubella Cytomegalo Herpes simplex Siphilis) especially in the first trimester
• Low birth weight <1500 grams
• Hiperbilirubinemia (baby yellow)
• Asfiksia weight (Apgar skore 0 to 4 in the first minute, from 0 to 6 at five minutes
• Use ototoksik drugs (drugs that can damage the auditory system)
• Use of mechanical respirator (ventilator) are usually treated in the ICU> 5 days
• There is a syndrome associated with congenital deafness
• There are abnormalities found in the head neck
• bacterial meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain)
All the above disorders are risk factors of deafness.
1 if there is a risk factor then the possibility of deafness of 10 X, and if there is a risk factor then 3 potential deaf for 63 X
